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Black dog (ghost)
A black dog is the name given to a being found primarily in the folklores of the British Isles. The black dog is essentially a nocturnal apparition, often said to be associated with the Devil or a Hellhound. Its appearance was regarded as a portent of death. It is generally supposed to be larger than a normal dog, and often has large, glowing eyes.〔Simpson & Roud 2000, 2003, p.25.〕 It is often associated with electrical storms (such as Black Shuck's appearance at Bungay, Suffolk),〔Westwood & Simpson 2005, pp.687-688.〕 and also with crossroads, places of execution and ancient pathways.〔〔Stone, Alby ''Infernal Watchdogs, Soul Hunters and Corpse Eaters'' in Trubshaw 2005, pp.36-37.〕〔McEwan 1986, p.147.〕
The origins of the black dog are difficult to discern. It is impossible to ascertain whether the creature originated in the Celtic or Germanic elements in British culture. Throughout European mythology, dogs have been associated with death. Examples of this are the Cŵn Annwn,〔Stone, Alby ''Infernal Watchdogs, Soul Hunters and Corpse Eaters'' in Trubshaw 2005, p.53.〕 Garmr〔Stone, Alby ''Infernal Watchdogs, Soul Hunters and Corpse Eaters'' in Trubshaw 2005, pp.44-45.〕 and Cerberus,〔Stone, Alby ''Infernal Watchdogs, Soul Hunters and Corpse Eaters'' in Trubshaw 2005, p.38.〕 all of whom were in some way guardians of the underworld. This association seems to be due to the scavenging habits of dogs.〔Stone, Alby ''Infernal Watchdogs, Soul Hunters and Corpse Eaters'' in Trubshaw 2005, pp.54-55.〕 It is possible that the black dog is a survival of these beliefs. Black dogs are almost universally regarded as malevolent, and a few (such as the Barghest) are said to be directly harmful. Some, however, like the Gurt Dog in Somerset and the Black Dog of the Hanging Hills in Connecticut, are said to behave benevolently.
==Black dogs by locale==
Some of the better-known black dogs are the Barghest of Yorkshire and Black Shuck of East Anglia. Various other forms are recorded in folklore in Britain and elsewhere. Other names are Hairy Jack,〔Bord & Bord 1980, 1981, p.78.〕 Skriker, Padfoot,〔 Churchyard Beast, Shug Monkey, Cu Sith, Galleytrot, Capelthwaite, Mauthe Doog, Hateful Thing, Swooning Shadow, Bogey Beast (Lancashire), Gytrash, Gurt Dog, Oude Rode Ogen, Tibicena (Canary Islands) and Dip (Catalonia). Although a Grim is not a barghest, a Church or Fairy Grim can also take the form of a big black dog.〔Briggs, 1976.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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